Evidencia científica y recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento de la pediculosis

Abstract

Objective The aim of this paper is to critically discuss a systematic literature search on clinical efficacy of topical and mechanical treatments for pediculus humanus capitis (human head lice). The mode of transmission of head lice, the role of fómite transmission, prevention of infestation, diagnosis, treatment options, pharmacokinetics, resistance and safety concerns were also reviewed. Methods Spanish and English language articles indexed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the British Nursing Index (BNI) were identified, using the search terms, children, pediculicide, bug busting, head lice, pediculosis capitis, eradicate, eliminate, and infestation. Available Spanish and English language articles were selected and reviewed. Discussion Pediculosis is a common infestation particularly in school children, and causes concern in the affected family and alarm at school. Specialist community public health nurses (SCPHNs) frequently prescribe or advise parents on the use of over the counter (OTC) pediculicides. The Medimecum formulary for health practitioners 2017 apart from listing three classes of pediculicides and two shampoos, outlines the option of using wet combing as an alternative. Parents are rather reluctant to use chemicals in children and head lice clinics are becoming increasingly popular. Conclusions In view of its proven efficacy, clinical evidence, and safety, mechanical methods to remove head lice are considered an effective treatment to ensure total eradication of head lice among children of all ages.