Prevención de la muerte súbita cardiaca en el deportista joven desde la perspectiva enfermera

Abstract

Objective. The objective of the study is to synthesize the best available evidence about sudden cardiac death in young athletes from the nurse's perspective. Methodology. A literature review has been conducted on the CINAHL, COCHRANE, Dialnet and Medline databases. Results. The incidence of sudden death varies between 0.16-0.98 / 100,000 cases per year. Genetic-type causes were the most common ones (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and channelopathies), and sports the sports which registered more deaths have been football, running, and cycling. To prevent these events, medical examinations, the establishment of CPR and defibrillation mechanisms, and the development of national registers are necessary. Conclusions. Sudden death in athletes is a booming health problem, although its incidence is still relatively low. In athletes < 35, congenital cardiopathy is the most common cause of sudden death, and sporting disciplines with moderate-high dynamic and static component cause more deaths than the rest. In addition, advances in genetics are necessary, as well as the compliance with preventive measures where nurses would play a key role through health education in CPR training, screening and exercise prescription, among others.