Influencia de los programas de fuerza en el bienestar materno-fetal desde la perspectiva enfermera. Revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Objectives. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of physical activity on women during pregnancy and in the fetus. Methodology. A literature review has been conducted on the Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, LILACS, Embase and Scopus databases that were published between January 2000 and May 2017. Which included the effects of a physical activity program on pregnant women and obstetric outcomes. The systematic review was based on the criteria of the review protocol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Results. A total of 25 articles were reviewed in full text. Physical activity has positive effects on the pregnant woman showing a reduction in the risk of gestational diabetes (relative risk = 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.52-0.91, p = 0.009), premature births and diseases chronic as diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Furthermore, Apgar scores at the minute and at 5 minutes improvement (95% interval confidence interval, 0.00 to 0.16, p = 0.063). Conclusions. Moderate intensity strength and resistance training programs favors the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension, and in the fetus there is a decrease in premature births and an improvement in the adaptation of the fetus inside the uterus, with better Apgar scores.