Involvement of DNA methylation in tree development and micropropagation

Abstract

Genes constitute only a small portion of the total genome and precisely controlling their expression represents a substantial problem for their regulation. Furthermore, non-coding DNA, that contains introns repetitive elements and active transposable elements, demands effective mechanisms to silence it long-term. Cell differentiation and development are controlled through temporal and spatial activation and silencing of specific genes. These patterns of gene expression must remain stable for many cell generations and last or change when inductive developmental signals have disappeared or new ones induce new programmes.