La deshabituación tabáquica individual, un enfoque desde atención primaria de salud

Abstract

The consumption of tobacco, has associated with it a number of systemic diseases such as lung cancer, EPOC, etc, and also increase the cardiovascular risk and mortality probabilities. This makes the quality of life of smokers is reduced and increased costs for the sanitary system. Against this smoking cessation is a behavior change in the smoker ending to achieving continuous abstinence over time. Addressing a smoker patient should be based on their degree of personal motivation, and in relation to the stage of change in that is (according to Prochaska and DiClemente model) thereby reducing the chances of relapse. To do this, can be realized a previous general valuation of the smoking patient and interventions on the same one, with the help of scales as the Fagerström test or mnemonic rule of the "5 A's" in addition to using psychological treatment through cognitive - behavioural techniques (self-records, behavioural contracts, positive reinforcement, relaxation techniques...) and motivational (motivational interview), and pharmacological treatment with various drugs such as nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion or varenicline, mainly.